Rusting and Other Forms of Iron Corrosion

Reactions of Metals

Metals have three common corrosion reactions:

1. metal + oxygen --> metal oxide
2. metal + water --> metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas
3. metal + acid --> metal salt + hydrogen gas

We will then use the results of our investigation (of the reactions of Pb, Mg, Ca and Al) to create an Activity Series.

Collision Theory

Why do some reactions happen quickly? Why do some chemicals not react at all when mixed together?

Here is a site that has some good practice for balancing equations


http://education.jlab.org/elementbalancing/

Balancing Equations

STEP ONE

Identify the type of reaction, so identify the products.

e.g. acid + base --> water + salt
e.g. acid + metal --> hydrogen + salt

STEP TWO

Work out the formula of the salt. Use "drop-and-swap",  but remember that this is just a method for finding the electrically-neutral ratio of ions.

STEP THREE

Balance the atoms using large numbers to change the quantity of each compound/molecule/atom.

Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases

an acid is a chemical compound that has extra hydrogen ions that it can loose. We found that when an acid is mixed with a base, a salt and water is produced. on the P.H. scale which is the standard way of measuring acids and bases the acids are between 0 and 6.9 and bases are from 7.1 to 14. so that means that 7 is neutral.

salts are a neutral compound which is not table salt excluding the first experiment.
these are the results we have for the tests we did:

• hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide = sodium chloride + water 

HCl + NaOH = NaCl +H2O

• hydrochloric acid + magnesium oxide = magnesium chloride + water

2HCl + MgO = MgCl2 + H2O

• nitric acid + sodium hydroxide = sodium nitrate + water

HNO3 + NaOH = NaNO3 + H2O

• nitric acid + magnesium oxide = magnesium nitrate + water

2HNO3 + MgO = Mg(NO3)2 + H2O

• sulfuric acid + sodium hydroxide = sodium sulfate + water

H2SO4 + NaOH = Na2SO4 +H2O this is not balanced

• sulfuric acid + magnesium oxide = magnesium sulfate + water

H2SO4 + MgO = MgSO4 + H2O

• ethanoic acid + sodium hydroxide = sodium ethanoate  + water

CH3COOH + NaOH = NaCH3COO + H2O

• ethanoic acid + magnesium oxide = magnesium ethanoate + water

2CH3COOH  + MgO = Mg(CH3COO)2 + H2O

• therefore
• acid + base = salt(not table salt) + water 

Acids and Bases

an acid is a chemical compound that has extra hydrogen ions that it can loose. We found that when an acid is mixed with a base, a salt and water is produced. on the P.H. scale which is the standard way of measuring acids and bases the acids are between 0 and 6.9 and bases are from 7.1 to 14. so that means that 7 is neutral.

salts are a neutral compound which is not table salt excluding the first experiment.
these are the results we have for the tests we did:

• hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide = sodium chloride + water 

HCl + NaOH = NaCl +H2O

• hydrochloric acid + magnesium oxide = magnesium chloride + water

2HCl + MgO = MgCl2 + H2O

• nitric acid + sodium hydroxide = sodium nitrate + water

HNO3 + NaOH = NaNO3 + H2O

• nitric acid + magnesium oxide = magnesium nitrate + water

2HNO3 + MgO = Mg(NO3)2 + H2O

• sulfuric acid + sodium hydroxide = sodium sulfate + water

H2SO4 + NaOH = Na2SO4 +H2O this is not balanced

• sulfuric acid + magnesium oxide = magnesium sulfate + water

H2SO4 + MgO = MgSO4 + H2O

• ethanoic acid + sodium hydroxide = sodium ethanoate  + water

CH3COOH + NaOH = NaCH3COO + H2O

• ethanoic acid + magnesium oxide = magnesium ethanoate + water

2CH3COOH  + MgO = Mg(CH3COO)2 + H2O

• therefore
• acid + base = salt(not table salt) + water